Yes, you can save humongous amounts of water by making a few
healthy changes to your eating habits – replace rice and wheat with millets and
move from cane sugar to its natural alternatives.
India is food secure today but that happened at the cost of
water security. Furthermore, we failed to improve nutrition, with zinc and iron
deficiencies prevailing widely among the population.
With insensitive-to-water food choices, lack of modern
farming techniques, low crop yield rates, alarming levels of wastage of farm
produce, we are pushing our freshwater ecosystem to the brink!
With just 4% of the world’s freshwater, we use up 80% of
that freshwater to feed 18% of the world’s population.
80% of the water in our country is used for agriculture. The majority of this volume of water goes to water guzzler crops!
Water Guzzler Crops
Rice, Sugar cane, and Wheat are water guzzler crops and in
that order.
It takes 3,000 – 5,000 liters of water to grow 1 kg of rice.
It takes 1,500 – 3,000 liters of water to grow 1 kg of sugar
cane.
It takes up to 1,000 liters of water to grow 1 kg of wheat.
So, let us study the curious case of Rice a bit in detail.
How much water we will use up in the current year 2020-21 to
grow the forecasted amount of Rice:
117 million tonnes of Rice = 11.7 crore x 1000 kg x 3000 lt
per kg = 351 lakh crore litres
YES, 351 LAKH CRORE LITERS OF WATER!
Let us put that figure into a perspective…
351 lakh crore liters can meet water supply to present-day twin
cities of Hyderabad & Secunderabad for 399 years!
(based on estimated present-day daily requirement of 637
million gallons)
What can be done?
Let us switch from Rice, Wheat, and Sugar cane to their respective
healthier options and save water.
Millets are not only much more nutritious in comparison to
rice and wheat but also they just need a fraction of water to grow.
Millets can be grown in arid regions with little water. They
are also more resilient and pest free. So, no pesticides and chemicals infusion
through food.
In comparison to rice, millets (maize, finger millet, pearl
millet and sorghum) provide more protein (+1%), iron (+27%) and zinc (+13%).
Incidentally, iron and zinc deficiencies are quite prevalent
today among the population, which lead to further health complications needing
healthcare and medication.
Millets as part of our diet?
Millets were part of the staple diet of this part of the world
from thousands of years. From a millet centric diet, it is today rice and wheat
centric diet.
In 1956, India produced more millets than rice and wheat.
Starting from the 1960s’, the amount of arable land employed to grow rice and
wheat steadily grew, while that of millets declined.
Millet crops do not qualify for Minimum Support Price, so
there is no incentive for farmers to grow them. Thus, the takeover of rice and
wheat over the last several decades of the entire staples’ agriculture space
happened.
Today, the prices of some of the millets are higher than that of
rice. For example, foxtail millet is Rs. 80 per kilo. This is because it is not
grown widely. With an increase in volume, the price will come down. With less
water consumption and no need for pesticides, the prices of millets, overall,
will become incredibly competitive to that of rice and wheat, once they become
mainstream crops, again.
One need not entirely abandon rice and wheat suddenly but
make millets as part of a regular diet, incrementally. Almost every preparation made
using rice and wheat could be done with millets. There are many traditional
dishes made with millets, which can be rediscovered and made mainstream foods if we intend to do so!
Natural Alternatives to Cane Sugar
One of the best plant-based alternatives to sugar is Stevia,
an arid to semi-arid crop.
Stevia is healthy as it contributes zero calories as well as
it is over 300 times sweeter to sugar. Therefore, the usage by volume will come
down, exponentially.
Other natural alternatives to sugar cane include honey, maple
syrup, yacon syrup, coconut sugar, etc.,
Conclusion
By decreasing the consumption of rice, wheat, and sugar, we will
make a significant contribution towards long term water security!
We can save significant amounts of freshwater and at the
same time improve our health, all leading to a healthier and sustainable
environment and way of life!
References
https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/farmers-grow-millet-maize-not-rice-to-save-water-nutrition
https://claroenergy.in/5-most-water-intensive-crops/
https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270416/eat-less-rice-save-more-water.html
Startling information !!! Thanq for raising awareness.. Kudos..
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ReplyDeleteVery good information..will make a habit of healthy eating hereafter..
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